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  • Bài báo/Newspaper

  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

    • Authors: Alexander Hodgens (2023)

  • A new and rapidly progressive respiratory syndrome termed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was identified by the World health organization (WHO) in the Guangdong province of China as a global threat in March of 2003. SARS went on to spread globally over the following months to over 30 countries and became the 1st pandemic of the 21st century. It showed that the dissemination of an infectious microbe could be drastically increased in the era of globalization and increased international travel. The decade preceding the SARS outbreak featured the emergence of multiple novel pathogens, including H5N1 influenza, Hantavirus, Nipah virus, and Avian flu
  • Bài báo/Newspaper

  • Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease Threats

    • Authors: Bruce W. Clements (2016)

  • This chapter describes the potential public health impact of emerging and reemerging disease. Factors contributing to the emergence of diseases include increasing international travel and commerce, changes in human demographics and behavior, advances in technology and industry, microbial adaptation and the breakdown of public health systems. Of emerging diseases, 60% are zoonotic, making the human–animal biome interaction critical
  • Bài báo/Newspaper

  • Emerging Infectious Diseases

    • Authors: Donna Behler McArthur (2019)

  • Emerging infectious diseases (EID) are defined as infectious diseases that are newly recognized in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. Simply put, they may be new infections resulting from changes or evolution of existing organisms, known infections spreading to new geographic areas or populations, previously unrecognized infections appearing in areas undergoing ecologic transformation, or old infections reemerging because of antimicrobial resistance in known agents or breakdowns in public health measures.1, 2 Emerging infections account for at least 15% of all human pathogens according to the 10th International Conference on EID.3 A major concern is the synergistic communication between emerging diseases and other infectious and...
  • Bài báo/Newspaper

  • Emerging Infectious Diseases and the International Traveler

    • Authors: Camilla Rothe (2016)

  • Travelers are an important factor in the global dissemination of EIDs due to the increased frequency and speed of both local and international travel. International travelers may have been in direct or indirect contact with previously isolated, remote populations and ecosystems. The challenge is that travelers returning home may harbor exotic infections that are still in the incubation stage
  • Bài báo/Newspaper

  • The Supply and Demand for Exports: A Simultaneous Approach

    • Authors: Morris Goldstein (1978)

  • In the relatively few cases where a supply function for exports has actually been speci fied,2 it has usually not been possible to obtain an estimate of the supply price elasticity either because the relevant structural parameters could not be recaptured from the reduced-form estimating equation, or because the structural supply equation itself did not posit a direct relationship between the quantity of exports supplied and export prices.3 For example, the recent study by Amano (1974) on the export behavior of ten industrial countries contains explicit export demand and export supply functions but the over-identified nature of that model prevents one from obtaining estimates of either the demand or the supply-price elastici ties
  • Bài báo/Newspaper

  • A Theoretical Foundation for the Gravity Equation

    • Authors: James E. Anderson (1979)

  • Probably the most successful empirical trade device of the last twenty-five years is the gravity equation. Applied to a wide variety of goods and factors moving over regional and national borders under dif fering circumstances, it usually produces a good fit. Unfortunately, as is widely recog nized, its use for policy is severely ham pered by its "unidentified" properties. Insertion into the equation of policy in struments such as border taxes has no theoretical justification; and inference about the effect of taxes from examining changes in the equation over times when taxes have changed carries no guarantee of validity